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A split (commonly referred to as splits or the splits) is a physical position in which the legs are in line with each other and extended in opposite directions. Splits are commonly performed in various athletic activities, including dance, figure skating, gymnastics, martial arts, contortionism, synchronized swimming, cheerleading and yoga. A person who has assumed a split position is said to be "in a split"〔Oxford English Dictionary, ''split, n.'' "4 b. the splits, in acrobatics or stage-dancing. Also in sing."〕 or "doing the splits". When executing a split, the lines defined by the inner thighs of the legs form an angle of approximately 180 degrees. This large angle significantly stretches, and thus demonstrates excellent flexibility of, the hamstring and iliopsoas muscles. Consequently, splits are often used as a stretching exercise to warm up and enhance the flexibility of leg muscles. ==Variations== There are two general forms of splits: * Side splits are executed by extending the legs to the left and right of the torso. Side splits are called ''straddle splits'' (or ''middle splits'') in dance and yoga, and may be referred to as ''Chinese splits'' in martial arts. Other names for side splits are ''box splits'' and ''center splits''. * Front splits are executed by extending one leg forward of, and the other leg to the rear of the torso. In dance, a front split is named according to the leg that is extended forward (e.g., the right leg is extended forward when executing a ''right split''). In yoga a front split is known as Hanumanasana. Front splits require hyper-extension of the iliofemoral ligament, otherwise the majority of the range of motion must come from the front hip joint. There are many variations of form and performance of splits, including: * Oversplit, in which the angle between the legs exceeds 180 degrees. * Suspended split, in which the body is static and supported only by the feet. * A split leap or split jump is a split that is executed after leaping or jumping, respectively, while still in the air. In figure skating, split jumps are sometimes called ''Russian jumps''. These are sometimes done as an exercise. * Standing split or vertical split, in which the leg lines are oriented vertically either to the side or to the front. This can also be an oversplit and a front oversplit with the back arched backwards is sometimes called a layout. * Twisting splits are performed by transitioning from front split to side split, and then to the opposite front split. * Martial arts split is a front split in which the back leg is rotated so the inside edge of the foot rests on the ground. It is more commonly named a "half split". Image:SplitLeap.gif|An acro dancer performing a ''straddle split leap''. Image:Shawn Sawyer Spin - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|A standing split during a figure skating spin. Image:Överspagat.jpg|An oversplit. Image:Fuori asse alla seconda.jpg|A standing side oversplit. Image:12 - Flickr - Eye Steel Film.jpg|A standing front split. Image:55 - Flickr - Eye Steel Film.jpg|A partnered standing front split. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Split (gymnastics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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